Originally, influence both personal and environmental factors (age, dietary habits and lifestyle) and genetic: blood pressure tends to rise with age, it is also more likely to appear if the person is obese, a diet high salt and low potassium (low in vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, cereals), drink large quantities of alcohol, physical activity, or suffer from psychological stress.

Virtually 90% of cases of hypertension is of unknown primary, and in less than 10%, secondary to other processes related to alterations of renal, cardiovascular or endocrine system.
Medical science still does not understand why they occur, most cases of hypertension. We only know that there are several factors that increase the risk of hypertension …

Why you have hypertension?

The legacy: a person whose parents have high blood pressure is more likely to develop it.
Race: Blacks are more likely to develop this disease than whites.
Males are more at risk than women until age 55, from this age their risks are equal. From age 75, women are more likely to develop hypertension.
Age: Blood pressure tends to rise with age, and thus the elderly are most at risk of developing hypertension.
The salt sensitivity: an excessive intake of salt causes hypertension in some people.
Obesity and overweight.
Excessive consumption of alcohol.
Use of oral contraceptives and other drugs (anabolic steroids, NSAIDs, nasal decongestants, erythropoietin, etc)
Sedentary

From Food
In the treatment of hypertension, proper diet are necessary to individual needs, with control of sodium and a series of recommendations to guide the person towards a healthier lifestyle.

The current consumption of salt (sodium chloride) in our country is above the real needs of this mineral. Excess sodium is related to fluid retention in the tissues of the body and therefore with increasing the voltage. The diet contains less sodium, the easier it is to eliminate the excess in the urine and thus help to normalize blood pressure levels. Low sodium diet, it also benefits people with cardiovascular disease or advanced liver with fluid retention.

On the other hand, hypertension is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so that dietary recommendations should also include guidelines for normal weight (if overweight or obese), control the quality of fat and cholesterol, and ensure an adequate amount of fiber and natural antioxidants, related to the prevention of these diseases.

Recommendations

Achieve or maintain a healthy weight through adequate intake of calories.

Dispense with table salt (normal, marina, iodine) and salt in cooking food.

Reduce consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol as a factor in cardiovascular prevention:

Choose leaner meats and remove visible fat before cooking chicken, turkey (skinless), rabbit, horse, strip loin, lean beef, beef tenderloin, beef or pork broth and defatted meat or poultry cold.
Increase consumption of fresh fish weekly to about four servings.
Allowed 4 to 6 eggs a week (if no medical contraindications).
Dress the plates with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower) better than butter or margarine, adding it to food after cooking to avoid excess fat and cholesterol.
The effect of coffee on blood pressure is low and of short duration so it is not necessary to suppress it, although you should drink in moderation.

It is important to take adequate amounts of calcium. Provide the necessary calcium daily: 2 glasses of milk or 1 cup milk plus 2 yogurts, or instead of 60 grams of low-sodium cheese.

Prepare meals and then freeze them, and not have to go to cooked food, in general, are high in sodium.

Today, there are several products on the market low in fat, cholesterol and sodium (check labels).

If you eat out, choose from the menu salads, poultry or fish grilled instead of fried or stews. To avoid adding too much sauce can be ordered they be served on hand and add it yourself.

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